22 juillet 2011

Weak's Cutoff : No Cinephilia

Mick LaSalle (San Francisco Chronicle, 17 April 2011): "Meek's Cutoff [..] Of course, it had to be as director Kelly Reichardt presents it here: quiet. Nothing around for miles. And boring. Ay, there's the rub. Boring. Probably no more realistic film has ever been made about Americans off to settle the West, and so "Meek's Cutoff" cannot be dismissed. But oh, if only there were a story here to latch onto, something, anything. [..] Lacking that, for all the integrity of its details and a good central performance by Michelle Williams, this film becomes excruciatingly, brain-fryingly and consciousness-losingly dull. [..] [Reichardt] She has the setting, the approach, the attitude and the vision, but she ducks the most difficult and necessary requirement of narrative art, which is the narrative itself. As it stands, "Meek's Cutoff" could have made a brilliant 12-minute short." [see Europe is too different]
Dan Kois (NYT; 1st May 2011): "As a viewing experience, “Meek’s Cutoff” is as closed off and stubborn as the devout settlers who populate it. (“Pleasureless,” raved David Denby of The New Yorker! “There is not much action,” noted A. O. Scott of The Times!) By the end, I could sympathize with the settlers’ exhaustion; I felt as if I’d been through a similarly grueling experience. Which is to say, it affected me viscerally, and I’ve found myself thinking about it over and over since. But during the time I actually watched the film, I had trouble staying planted in my seat with my attention focused on the screen, as the long dissolves from one wind-blasted plateau to another sent my thoughts blowing in a dozen directions.
As a viewer whose default mode of interaction with images has consisted, for as long as I can remember, of intense, rapid-fire decoding of text, subtext, metatext and hypertext, I’ve long had a queasy fascination with slow-moving, meditative drama. [..]
But while I’m grateful to have watched “Solaris” and “Blue” and “Meek’s Cutoff” and “The Son” and “Atanarjuat (The Fast Runner)” and “Three Times” and on and on, my taste stubbornly remains my taste." [See Dan Kois syndrome 1-2]
Neil Young (Project:New Cinephilia, 25 may 2011): "[..] one shouldn’t feel like some kind of heretic for pointing out that, say, Meek’s Cutoff is a waste of everyone’s time, effort and money. [..] why traipse out to a moviehouse to see Meek’s Cutoff (say), when we can stay home and watch a John Ford or, for the less “scrupulous”, Meek’s Cutoff itself via the alluringly larcenous magic of filesharing." [See Project: Validating Indulgent Movie Fandom]

Hard facts for the "cultural arbiters" living in truthiness :

Facts 2010 USA UK France
Population (million)
3136365
Screens
395473651 5478
Screens per million population
126 58 84
Titles distributed
560 503 575
Average screens per title distributed
70.6 7.2 9.5
Admissions (million)
1340173206
Admissions per capita
4.12.83.2
Average admission fee ($)
7.98.88.7

These figures speak for themselves. The USA is a larger population, with more screens, with more screens per inhabitant, with more admissions, with a greater movie-going frequency amongst the general population, with more screens available per film distributed (70.6 !!!). So far it seems like the USA is a country more "cinephilic" (more moviegoing at least) than any other country... until we look in the details what kind of films Americans are screening/watching in mass, and it's not the artfilm sector that benefits from this affluence.
*If* moviegoers in the USA were as "cinephile" as other nations (and not more) the admissions for artfilms should be greatly superior to those of the UK or France by sheer mass of an overwhelming movie business. The USA could be less cinephilic and still manage to sell as many artfilm admissions as France, because the total turnout is so much greater, but that's not what we see. 
Sadly, and against all logical statistics, the USA manages to score lower than countries 5 times smaller than its size!
Even for American-made artfilms, such as Meek's Cutoff or Tree of Life (which scared the hell out of Dan Kois and Neil Young). How can you score last with such a headstart (statistical advantages)??? How can you be beaten by foreign markets for the exploitation of your own domestic films??? How afraid are you of "niche distribution" to neglect your home auteurs???
The USA could save 6000 of their 40000 screens exclusively for artfilms and world cinema, that's nothing, not even 7% of their total available screens. And it would be over 100% of total commercial screens available in France or the UK! That would not hinder the business of Hollywood flicks in a noticeable way, and it would give to the USA the largest arthouse circuit in the world, something to be proud of. Nah. They can't spare even 1% of their commercial screens! They give between 1 or 6 screens to foreign artfilms and exceptionally, for an American-made artfilm, they dedicate a measly 200 screens... as if they didn't want artfilms to spread too wide in the American culture. Nothing to feel proud about for American distributors, American audience, and American critics.


Theatre Screens harboring "slowish movies" (incomplete data for films still running)
How come there are more screens in the UK and France opening for American artfilms like Meek's Cutoff, Tree Of Life and Somewhere than in the USA??? while there are LESS total screens, LESS screens available per film distributed, and the general population is going less to the movies per year in the UK and France. See a chart with more film titles in American distribution here.
Screen statistics will not automatically translate in box office success... it only means how accessible are the films nationwide, how wide the exhibition circuit is exposing the films. In France for instance (and in the UK to a lesser extent), the distribution and exhibition of artfilms (non-commercial) are aided through subsidies. So it explains why the distributors/exhibitors lose less money if the films screened are unsuccessful. But regardless for subsidies, the total number of screens is limited, and screening an unsuccessful film takes the spot of a potentially more profitable movie (subsidies do not replace a sold-out theatre), so it is always a commercial decision to give priority to aesthetic over entertainment.
There aren't even enough independent arthouse exhibitors in the USA to take the commercial risk to show  (internationally acclaimed) American artfilms to their customers... 


Spectators paying to watch "slowish movies" (incomplete data for films still running)
Now we can forget about subsidies, spectators are not paid to go watch movies they don't want to see (and the average admission fee is higher both in the UK and in France). The admission stats reveal exactly what people agree to buy a ticket for.
When we look at spectators statistics (admissions sold), it's about what the mainstream audience prefers to watch, so the low numbers are expected for an artfilm niche. A decent artfilm distribution never seeks to equal the mainstream entertainment BO, it will always be smaller even for a successful film and a plethoric exhibition, just because the reason (momentary distraction) that usually drives people to the cinemas is rarely to discover challenging film work. So here, no need to complain that the scores are lower, but we want to consider how much is TOO LOW for an artfilm niche? And what the proportion of the artfilm niche (domestic artfilms or foreign artfilms) should be within a given country.
America makes twice as much as the UK for Meek's Cutoff and barely makes more than France for Tree Of Life, while it should at least make 5 times more to match up with the same population proportionality.
Where are the American cinephiles who do not think, like 6 years old kids, that Meek's Cutoff or Tree Of Life is boring? Where is cinephilia in America? A couple of arthouses in NYC accepts to show challenging foreign films and that's it? How do you explain that??? What is the American "cultural exception" (polar opposite of the French exception culturelle)?

New "Cinephilia" = No Cinephilia


P.S. Except for Le Quattro Volte, none of these "slowish" American movies are "contemplative" in the sense defined by CCC. Just to be clear.

Source: Box Office Mojo / IMDb / AlloCiné / Screenrush

Related:

16 juillet 2011

South Korea - World Cinema Stats (18)

South Korea Facts 2010
Population : 48.9 million
Screens : 2003
Annual Admissions : 133.5 million
Admissions per capita : 2.9
Films produced : 152








Related:

14 juillet 2011

Slow Release

The elephant in the editorial room of American criticism...
(Films in reverse-chronological order of their USA release date)
Data source: Box Office Mojo 

Can't you see anything wrong in there??? This is absolutely ri-di-cu-lous!
  • Tree of Life : Cannes 2011 PALME D'OR!!! + American-made movie + Americana backdrop + English language + Terrence Malick cult status + BRAD PITT celebrity appeal = 228 screens (6 weeks of theatrical run so far) in a country of 40000 screens
  • Somewhere : Venice 2010 GOLDEN LION!!! + American-made movie + English language + Hollywood backdrop + Coppola namesake + Stephen Dorff = only 83 theatres (10 weeks) 
  • INLAND EMPIRE : Selected at Venice 2006 + American-made movie + English language + Laura Dern celebrity + Hollywood backdrop + critically acclaimed auteur + Top10 of the Year = 15 screens (17 weeks) 
  • The Sun : Berlin 2005 selection + General MacArthur + American history backdrop + critically acclaimed auteur + Top10 of the year = 4 screens (18 weeks) This one should be shown in every classroom in America for anti-war education!
  • Uncle Boonmee : Cannes 2010 PALME D'OR!!! + Critically acclaimed auteur + Top10 of the year = only 6 arthouse owners in the USA wanted to show this major work to their customers... 
  • Ten : Selected at Cannes 2002 + Road movie + critically acclaimed auteur (KIAROSTAMI!!!) + Top10 of the year = 4 screens (14 weeks)
  • Werckmeister Harmonies : Selected at TIFF 2000 + Film Noir + Partial English language + Tilda Swinton celebrity appeal + Critically acclaimed auteur + Top30 of the decade = 1 FUCKING screen (1 week) in the entire country ???
  • Yi Yi : Selected at Cannes 2000 + Child cuteness + Critically acclaimed auteur + Top30 of the decade = 15 screens (6 weeks)

All these (on the chart above) should get at least as wide an "arthouse-grade" release as Broken flowers (433), if not more, which is a mere 1% of available screens total. And the Tree of Life should not get any less screens than The American, from an aesthetic or commercial standpoint. But they didn't even get that... (the blockbuster treatment is about 3000-4000 screens in the USA = 10% of total screens) What the fuck is wrong with you guys??? The American distribution system is totally bankrupt.

These films are stereotyped as "relatively slowish". OK they will never reach the widest mainstream appeal of stupid comedies and children book adaptations... No argument there. And some of them have a very targeted audience because of a difficult subject, or pornographic images, or an uneventful nature, I understand perfectly that these only interest a very limited portion of the regular movie-goers... but not to the point where a country of 311 millions inhabitants must fit a niche of challenging artfilms lovers inside a dozen theatres... let alone a single one theatre!!! 
4 screens equal about 0.01% of the available screens, is that the proportion of artfilm-friendly audience in the USA??? This is not even a niche, it's a negligible fraction in statistical terms. The "cinephile community" in the USA is virtually nonexistent. 
If there was only 1 or 10% of the American population interested to watch artfilms, foreign films, subtitled films, challenging aesthetics... yeah that would be a marginal proportion next to the still overwhelming mainstream majority, like in every other country in the world... but I cannot believe there is no larger market than 0.01% for cinephiles who seek more than entertainment. This is depressing.

And these numbers on the chart are the "widest release", meaning the peak of maximum screens given to that film somewhere along its theatrical run... it never gets this many screens every week it's playing, be it 30 weeks (in the best case) or only 1 (pity distribution). Since American distributors don't have the balls to take a risk for a film they believe in, foreign films always open on a couple of screens, and only if the opening weekend is satisfying, they might expand little by little to the screens outside NYC, to other cities...
In France the films usually open on peak screens, and then they drop screens as the turnout starts to fade out, because distributors take risks for films they bet on (yes the state subsidies also help), the risk to meet the kind of audience they deserve. And the amplitude of the opening screens is instrumental in installing the buzz around the film. If it is available on many screens, it gets more attention, and people believe that film is important because of its wide exposition and the trust the industry puts in it.

But, but, but... American cinephiles watch films on DVD nowadays! Really? Is that your best excuse? If you call yourself a "cinephile", you wouldn't miss an opportunity to watch Tree of Life, Uncle Boonmee, Poetry, Alamar, The Sun, Atanarjuat, Werckmeister Harmonies on the big screen! These are cinematographies designed for the BIG SCREEN. Yeah, yeah, "Direct-to-video" is the fate of the most accomplished  aesthetic designs... What a shame.

THERE ARE MORE REVIEWS PUBLISHED ON THESE FILMS THAN THERE ARE EXISTING PRINTS OF THESE SAME FILMS IN CIRCULATION IN THE COUNTRY !!! WTF???

Do you really build your film culture on this mockery? Seriously, quit arguing about "cinéphilia"... you're not there yet. At all. Forget it. Get real.
How many reviews do you need to write about films that are not accessible to your readers anywhere??? How much self-indulgent noise should a Dan Kois make about Meek's Cutoff, a movie that is hardly pushed down the throat of Americans, in only 45 theatres (0.1% of available screens, while The Hangover part 2 gets 10% of them!)??? Are you out of your minds? A measly 45 screens of Meek's cutoff lost in a landscape of 40000 screens across America is what scares the shit out of you??? Let the "slowish films" in peace! will you? They do not deserve this amount of exaggerated hostility, they are not threatening the hegemony of lowbrow American culture yet.

We can notice that the English-language "slowish artfilms" get automatically more screens than their non-American counterparts. This is normal. Even at equal quality, the native language, the familiar actors will always draw more local audience. We expect the discrepancy, to a certain extant... But giving systematically 1 to 6 screens to "challenging foreign films" is a disgrace, plain and simple, especially in the country owning the LARGEST number of screens on the planet (more than China and India!).
How come they have less room for these films than France, a country 5 times smaller in population and with 7 times less screens (5426 screens total = 14% of USA total)? This is laughable. This is national isolationism at its worst (because it is not enforced by a repressive regime, it is entirely VOLUNTARY!). This is an insult to world cinema. Especially when the rest of the world opens more than half of its screens to the lamest Hollywood blockbusters all year long, providing twice as much revenue to the USA than Hollywood's own distribution at home. But America does not give back. Yes, a handful of screens at the time for the cream of the crop of world cinema, almost out of spite.
That's what the ungrateful America does. And American critics don't give a fuck, as we can read every week in the American press. For how much longer will the world endure this cultural embargo?

Meanwhile an ill-conceived patchwork posing as a slowish film such as The American gets projected on 2833 screens (7%)! It is just as slowish, wordless, uneventful, "boring" as the others on this list... Are you suggesting that Clooney alone makes all the difference to overcome the American-brewed aversion for "non-speedy cinema"? Does he get such a bigger appeal than Brad Pitt in Tree of Life? This is bullshit. 

If most of these films are objectively hard to market to the regular movie-goer, it is not the case of them all. Poetry, Certified Copy, Winter's Bone, La niña santa, Ten, Yi Yi are perfectly identifiable "melodramas". You cannot invoke obscure cerebral inability to explain why American viewers are doomed to doze off in front of these films. Being lazy, unfocused, distracted, tired is no excuse to refuse to discover some of the best films made in recent years, across all genre and categories. They are magnificent and their story is certainly emotional in the most accessible way. Don't tell me there are only a few thousands people willing to watch these films throughout America! This is a big fat joke and you know it. 

How could you call yourself a "critic", let alone a "cinéphile", and not be moved by this situation, and move you to dedicate your job of film critic to the education of American film culture until this kind of films start to get the respect they deserve???
This country and it's so-called "film culture" is hopeless...


Related:

12 juillet 2011

Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse (Has)

Colloque "Jean Potocki. Pérégrinations" (Semaine Polonaise) à l'Université Toulouse II Le Mirail, le 14-15 avril 2011

04 juillet 2011

A quoi servent les festivals de film? (2007)


Dans le cadre du festival ParisCinema 2007, Avec:
  • Gilles Jacob (Festival de Cannes)
  • Marco Müller (Mostra de Venise)
  • Giorgio Gosetti (Festa del cinema de Roma)
  • Margaret Menegoz (Les Films du Losange, présidente d'Unifrance)
  • Vincent Maraval (Wild Bunch)
  • Thomas Sotinel (Le Monde)
  • Marc Voinchet (France Culture)
"Film de festival" (JB Thoret, Libération, 7 Février 2007) = cinéma d'auteur pour grand public, cinéma populaire intelligent, film d'auteur académique (raté), film d'auteur porteur, film d'auteur à vocation commerciale...


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01 juillet 2011

Subjective, subversive, sensationnelle, cinglante

"[..] Nul doute qu'une certaine critique exigeante, longue et analytique est aujourd'hui menacée aux Etats-Unis. Kent jones le constate dans 'Physical Evidence' [2007] : 'La communauté des spectateurs de cinéma qui lisaient les critiques de Pauline Kael a disparu, laissant place à une pluralité d'enclaves [..] dans l'ombre d'une culture de consomation en apparence monolithique.' [..]
D'où vient leur importance, qui justifie de les extraire de leur support et de l'actualité qui les a portés? Moins mêlés de réalisation que sa sœur française (excepté Jonas Mekas ou Paul Schrader), la critique américaine s'est animée à la puissance industrie de la presse avant de côtoyer les départements de cinéma des universités qui fleurirent dans les années 70. Le développement des études cinématographiques a exalté son geste subjectif et préscripteur. En Amérique, la philosophie du cinéma (enseignée à Harvard par Stanley Cavell 20 ans avant les cours de Deleuze à Vincennes, 1963) eut la particularité de partir de notre expérience des œuvres et de leur impact dans nos vies. En quoi elle hérite de pratique critiques qui réfléchissaient l'héritage déposé dans cette culture commune cristallisée autour de l'expérience du film. Un geste critique à la fois esthétique et politique, de revendication et de contestation du 'sens commun'. [..]
La 'rupture avec le réalisme de l'écran de cinéma' atteint des sommets chez Chaplin, qui créa une existence séparée, 'vivant à l'écran des ses propres énergies'. [Gilbert] Seldes se dressait contre une tendance aux 'froncements de sourcils' de la critique qui dénigrait les productions nationales et tout ce qui est populaire. L'intelligentsia n'e fut pas avare. Cavell y voit une spécificité américaine: une tendance à dénier son apport à la culture mondiale qui, avec le cinéma, bousculait les catégories d'art noble et d'art vulgaire, suscitant des positionnements philistins et anti-intellectualistes plus violent qu'ailleurs (Qu'est-ce que la philosophie américaine? 2009) [..] Cherchant les raisons de la mésestime des films de femme, [Molly] Haskell [1977] accuse la 'nostalgie de la boue, du cran et de la bagarre' des critiques new-yorkais. [..]
La célébration de la critique comme genre littéraire se paie au prix d'une décontextualisation gênante. [..]
Politique des auteurs, de l'égo ou du sens commun
[..] Kael a porté à incandescence les grandeurs et les faiblesses de la critique américaine. [..] Elle poussa l'anti-intellectualisme jusqu'à la caricature, cultivant son image de Californienne étrangère aux modes du microcosme new-yorkais (Antonioni, L'année dernière à Marienbad). [..] Elle se fait le porte-parole des instincts (forcément justes) du grand public. [..]"
Elise Domenach; Honneur à la critique américaine! (Positif, n°604, juin 2011)


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30 juin 2011

Cinéphilie + Frenchness

Table ronde sur la cinéphilie (France Culture, 30 juin 2011) [40'; 2e partie du podcast à partir de 49'20"]
avec Jacques Rancière et Tanguy Viel
Qui n’a jamais essayé, ne serait-ce que pour s’amuser, de dresser un « top ten » de ses films préférés ?
De cette tentative, voire de cette impossibilité, l’écrivain Tanguy Viel a écrit un livre réjouissant paru l’an dernier sous le titre Hitchcock, par exemple, dont il a ensuite tiré une série radiophonique pour France Culture, et qu’il a également décliné sur scène avec la chorégraphe Mathilde Monnier
Mais le top ten de Tanguy Viel n’est que le dernier avatar d’une œuvre où se mêlent cinéma et littérature pour le plus grand plaisir de ses lecteurs
Des essais sur le cinéma, le philosophe Jacques Rancière en a produit plusieurs lui aussi. Il vient de publier Les Ecarts du cinéma, dans lequel il convoque Bresson, Hitchcock, Pedro Costa, Rossellini, Straub/Huillet et V. Minelli pour examiner ce qu’il appelle « la langue des images », et s’interroger sur les rapports complexes entre cinéma et littérature, cinéma et politique, cinéma et théorie.


Compte-rendu du dialogue
   Selon Jacques Rancière, le cinéphile, avant de s'interroger sur la dimension théorique des oeuvres, se définit surtout par son goût et sa passion pour le cinéma, lequel fait partie intégrante de sa vie. Tanguy Viel, qui souscrit à cette définition, ajoute que le cinéphile se caractérise par une inquiétude par rapport à ses propres goût, un soupçon à l'égard de soi-même qui le pousse à toujours revoir et admirer les classiques, mais aussi à les réactualiser.

   Le cinéma, au départ attraction foraine puis utopie de l'art, constitue un objet complexe, difficile à appréhender et réfractaire à toute théorie unificatrice. Le cinéma, rappelle Jacques Rancière est à la fois un lieu, une technique et une pratique, une idée, voire le support d'une métaphysique comme pour Deleuze dans ses ouvrages Cinéma I et Cinéma II.

   André Labarthe, que nous avons reçu à la Grande Table il y a quelques semaines, expliquait que le cinéma n'avait pas d'histoire parce que tous les films se déroulent au présent au sens où les images qu'ils donnent à voir, en se succédant les unes après les autres, s'inscrivent dans une contemporanéité toujours renouvelée. Si Jacques Rancière adhère à cette thèse d'un présent espacé du cinéma, Tanguy Viel affirme posséder une vision historique du septième art. Chaque film est le symptôme d'une époque et l'on peut tisser une généalogie des formes cinématographiques : si la Nouvelle Vague a existé, c'est parce qu'avant elle Eisenstein, Griffith et Hitchcock avaient déjà proposé leur conception particulière du cinéma.

   Si écart il y a, pour Jacques Rancière, c'est aussi entre cinéma et littérature. Le cinéma se serait voulu porteur de la promesse d'un "art anti-représentatif", émancipé de toute fonction narrative. Tanguy Viel, en revanche souligne la capacité du cinéma à réactualiser le récit mythique, de la tragédie grecque comme chez Hitchcock à la fresque historique comme chez Coppola, au rebours de la logique d'éclatement des formes à l'oeuvre dans le roman.

   Dans son dernier ouvrage, Jacques Rancière qualifie le texte de Bernanos La Nouvelle histoire de Mouchette de "cinématographisme littéraire", à savoir une littérature qui se situerait au plus proche de la sensation. Robert Bresson, qui adapte l'ouvrage à l'écran en 1967, transforme cette langue des mots en langue des images. Il privilégie non pas les plans mais leur articulation, tout comme un système linguistique combine ses signes selon un agencement syntaxique donné. Et si les mots traînent derrière eux tout un halo d'images, la réciproque est vraie car les images font également naître dans l'esprit de ceux qui les regardent tout un halo de visions. Par conséquent, le cinématographisme littéraire peut s'imposer comme une utopie du style, en tant qu'il donnerait à la phrase une profondeur de champ, une instantanéité de la sensation.

   Paradoxe donc, entre le cinéaste d'une part qui coupe les images et fragmente le réel, et l'écrivain d'autre part qui opère un travail de rassemblement et de continuité.
   Paradoxe également du Top Ten, à la fois utile outil et outil trompeur si tant est que "l'impact émotionnel" d'une oeuvre varie dans le temps.
   Paradoxe enfin de la théorie, mise en jeu de concepts pour le philosophe qu'est Jacques Rancière et  élucidation de l'émotion pour Tanguy Viel, qui refuse le clivage entre affect et intellect.
(Aurélien d'Avout)

Voir aussi:

29 juin 2011

Tsai's Devil Angel

Seminal Image 
Possible inspiration for TSAI Ming-liang's I Don't Want To Sleep Alone (2006) closing oneiric image of a bed drifting on a blackened reservoir water. FU Li's erotic drama, Devil Angel (1995), shows a similar image, visually at least, of a bed against a black background (not water), which is the visualizing of a dream, towards the beginning of the film, of the lead female character who imagines the best way to die together, ultimate romantic couple suicide, with both a bullet in the head.
Although Tsai claimed in an interview that this scene was inspired to him by a fortune teller he consulted in Malaysia, who predicted an image with a lot of black, or something like that...

* * *

Addendum :
Abbas Kiarostami's Sleepers (2001)

* * *


24 juin 2011

Sans Cannes


"In an increasingly ‘event-driven' cultural environment, film festivals are now regarded as indispensable. Yet are festivals such as Cannes, Sundance and Toronto being sabotaged by their own success? Do they truly serve the needs of cinephiles, as well as the larger public?"
Dekalog 3 on Film Festivals (May 2009)
In 2009, Dekalog 3: On Film Festival, a narcissist bashing on how festivals fail to satisfy critics, only fueled the anti-festival sentiment amongst hipsters. They confuse what the audience needs with the institutional function in film culture. They don't really care about the well being of world cinema, they just whine because they don't have red carpet treatment at the huge machines that major film festivals have become. They don't say that films selected are bad in Cannes, Venice or Berlin (cause their year-end lists draw from their lineup exclusively), they just wish these films premièred in smaller festivals (where critics are treated like royalties). It doesn't matter to their ego-massaging that the films themselves prefer to première at the most prestigious/mediatic venues. 

The book opens on an old André Bazin article : "Du festival considéré comme un ordre" (Cahiers, n°8, June 1955). It's always nice to see another Bazin article translated in English... but I don't understand the pertinence of a 54 years old article to introduce an opus on TODAY's film festivals. Bazin was writing about a totally different generation of festivals, and a Cannes festival that has changed dramatically since.
In 1955, Cannes wasn't running for 10 years yet. In 2009 it was it's 62nd edition! Until 1972, Cannes was another festival altogether, the films were not selected but proposed by each country's government (like today's MPAA Oscar for best foreign film!).
In 1978, Gilles Jacob becomes "délégué général" and inaugurates the parallel section "Un Certain Regard", one of the rare festivals where an actual film critic selects the films in competition.
Since this (obsolete) Bazin article, Cannes only added le Marché du Film (1959), the International Critic's Week (1962), La Quinzaine des Réalisateurs (1969), la Leçon de Cinéma (1991), la Cinéfondation (1998), La Résidence (2000), le Village International (2000), la Leçon de Musique (2003), la Leçon d'Acteur (2004), Cannes Classics (2004),  Producer's network (2004), Short Films Corner (2004), L'Atelier (2005)...
The palace Bazin talks about was demolished in 1988 and replaced earlier by the "bunker" in 1983.
If there is anything in this article that still has meaning today it would be vague generalities about "festival atmosphere and postures". It's not Bazin's fault, he couldn't write about 2009 Cannes in 1955... it's the fault of this disingenuous editor (and Emilie Bickerton who translated it) for thinking that he could build a demolition job of today's festivals based on what a critic wrote about it half a century in the past! Was this a book about self-deluded nostalgia or about the future of the festival circuit?

Festivals developed and expanded since their creation? You bet they did. Venice (1932), Cannes (1946), Berlinale (1951)... have been around long enough to garner attention, reputation, exposition, following. Obviously the more recent festivals : Seattle (1974), Vancouver (1982), Valdivia (1993), BAFICI (1999), Jeonju (2000)... are smaller, fresher, less cumbersome, less overwhelmed by media coverage, more local, more critics-friendly, more audience-friendly... precisely because they are NOT major festivals (with the responsibility and the power of such international organisations).

  • Less films (more attention to the happy few) = more rejected filmmakers disappointed 
  • Less professionals (more fun for the happy few who attend) = lesser promotion for films
  • More local audience (crowd-friendly) = less international exposition (bad for international distribution)

But the cinema industry requires BIG machines, in proportion with its magnitude on the world market, even the art film sector. You gotta balance what you want for your own comfort as a viewer, with the advantages that you would like films/filmmakers to get from these events! Getting cozy with second-rate critics (who have been refused the top badge) might not be the highest ambition for filmmakers censored at home who need Major Festivals to open a window for them to world distribution. Do you want your favourite festivals to fail (reputation, exposition, business) just for your selfish pleasure of preserving elbow room on the red carpet among your best friends? Or do you wish your favourite films the best success and the best exposition they can get at the best festivals (instead of the ones you run)?


These are the guys who believe Major Festivals (Cannes, Venice, Berlin) aren't relevant anymore:

Richard Porton : Best films 2010 (indieWIRE top10 2010)
  1. CANNES 2010 (Carlos)
  2. BERLIN 2009 (Eccentricities of a Blonde-Haired Girl)
  3. BERLIN 2009 (Everyone Else)
  4. CANNES 2010 (Les Herbes Folles)
  5. BERLIN 2009 (Sweetgrass)
  6. CANNES 2010 (Inside Job)
  7. SUNDANCE 2010 (Night Catches Us)
  8. BERLIN 2010 (The Ghost Writer)
  9. 1973 re-release (World on a Wire)
- Editor of Dekalog 3 on Film Festivals (May 2009)
Author of :
- "A Director on the Festival Circuit: An Interview with Atom Egoyan" in Dekalog 3 on Film Festivals (May 2009)
- "The Festival Whirl: The utopian possibilities—and dystopian realities—of the modern film festival" at Moving Image Source (8 Sept 2009)

Adrian Martin : Best films 2010 (Sight and Sound film poll)
  • CANNES 2010 (Copie conforme)
  • CANNES 2010 (Film socialisme)
  • CANNES 2010 (Poetry) 
  • CANNES 2009 (Vincere)
  • CANNES 2010 (Les Herbes Folles)
Author of :
- "Here and Elsewhere" in Dekalog 3 on Film Festivals (May 2009)
- "Out of the comfort zone" panel at the IFFRotterdam (Feb 2011)
- "World Wide Angle" in Filmkrant (April 2011)

Jonathan Rosenbaum : Best films 2010 (Sight and Sound Final Cut 2010)
  • CANNES 2010 (Copie conforme)
  • CANNES 2010 (Film socialisme)
  • VENICE 2010 (The Forgotten Space)
  • NYFF 2010 (The Social Network)
  • CANNES 2010 (Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives)
Author of:
- "Some Festivals I've Known:A Few Rambling Recollections" in Dekalog 3 on Film Festivals (May 2009)

James Quandt: Best films 2010 (indieWIRE top10 2010)
  1. CANNES 2010 (The Strange Case of Angelica)
  2. BERLIN 2009 (Eccentricities of a Blonde-Haired Girl)
  3. 1973 re-release (World on a Wire)
  4. CANNES 2010 (Carlos)
  5. CANNES 2009 - Certain Regard (Dogtooth)
  6. CANNES 2009 (Vincere)
  7. CANNES 2008 (Our Beloved Month of August)
  8. CANNES 2009 (Le Père de Mes Enfants)
  9. CANNES 2009 (Ne Change Rien)
  10. VENICE 2009 (Lourdes)
- Author of : "The Sandwich Process: Simon Field Talks About Polemics and Poetry at Film Festivals" in Dekalog 3 on Film Festivals (May 2009)

David Sterritt: Best films 2010 (indieWIRE top10 2010)
  1. NYFF 2010 (The Social Network)
  2. VENICE 2009 (Amore)
  3. CANNES 2010 (White Material)
  4. CANNES 2010 (Les Herbes Folles)
  5. VENICE 2009 (Life During Wartime)
  6. CANNES 2008 (Secret Sunshine)
  7. CANNES 2010 (Another Year)
  8. SUNDANCE 2010 (Winter's Bone)
  9. VENICE 2009 (Around a Small Mountain)
  10. TORONTO 2010 (Stone)
- Author of : Film Festivals — Then and Now (Undercurrent, April 2010)

Nick James: Best films 2010 (Sight and Sound film poll)
  • NYFF 2010 (The Social Network)
  • CANNES 2010 (Aurora)
  • CANNES 2010 (Over Your Cities Grass Will Grow)
  • TIFF 2010 (Mistérios de Lisboa)
  • CANNES 2010 (Le quattro volte)
Author of :
- "Whose cinephilia" (Sight and Sound, Nov 2009)
- "Down from the mountain" (Sight and Sound, June 2010)

Robert Koehler
  1. CANNES 2008 (Our Beloved Month of August)
  2. CANNES 2008 (Liverpool)
  3. CANNES 2010 (Carlos)
  4. CANNES 2007 (Secret Sunshine)
  5. CANNES 2009 (Vincere)
  6. NYFF 2010 (The Social Network)
  7. BERLIN 2009 (Sweetgrass)
  8. LOCARNO 2009 (The Anchorage)
  9. CANNES 2009 (Mother)
  10. BERLIN 2009 (Everyone Else)
Author of :
- "Cinephilia and Film Festivals" in Dekalog 3 on Film Festivals (May 2009)

Mark Peranson (cinemascope)
  1. CANNES 2010 (Uncle Boonmee)
  2. CANNES 2010 (The Autobiography of Nicolae Ceaucescu)
  3. TIFF 2010 (Mistérios de Lisboa)
  4. CANNES 2010 (Film Socialisme)
  5. LOCARNO 2010 (Winter Vacation)
  6. CANNES 2010 (The Strange Case of Angelica)
  7. CANNES 2010 (I Wish I Knew)
  8. VENICE 2010 (Meek’s Cutoff)
  9. VENICE 2010 (Attenberg)
  10. BERLIN 2010 (The Ghost Writer)
author of :
- "First you get the power, then you get the money: two models of film festivals" in Dekalog3: On Film Festivals, 2009 [he hates "business festivals" such as Cannes, Berlin, Venice, Toronto and Pusan as you can see!] see: Film Festivals for Dummies
- "Cannes 2009: Stupid, Adjective" By Mark Peranson (cinemascope, #39, June 2009)
- "Cannes 2010: The Year We Made Contact" By Mark Peranson (cinemascope, #43, summer 2010)


Major festivals still première the best films of the year, but, but, but, they suck anyway... Yeah right. Where are the human-scale mini-festivals you cherish on these lists??? Where? If these are the critics who hate major festivals, I wonder how could major festival lovers show their love much more than this.
That's the kind of critical insight we get when film critics publish a book on festival expertise. :(


Related:

22 juin 2011

Penser le cinema documentaire

Penser le documentaire (en 7 leçons) TCP - Université de Provence / Canal U
Le cinéma documentaire est né de la rencontre entre le désir des cinéastes d'explorer le monde et la passion des inventeurs d'enregistrer le réel :
Entre Louis et Auguste Lumière, filmant le déjeuner en famille avec une caméra cinématographe noir et blanc muette et Dominique Cabréra se filmant elle-même avec une caméra DV numérique en couleurs et sonore, il y a cent ans d'écriture documentaire et d'inventions techniques.
Les cinéastes ont cherché à transmettre, avec leur point de vue, la vie quotidienne de leurs contemporains en s'approchant progressivement au plus près de leur intimité, jusqu'à parfois devenir les propres "acteurs" de leurs films.
Pour en arriver là, un dialogue permanent s'est établi entre eux, des inventeurs et des ingénieurs. il a fallu alléger les caméras, les installer sur des trépieds fluides, domestiquer la couleur de la pellicule, mener une véritable conquête pour entendre en direct les personnes que l'on filme, réunir sur un même support l'image et le son avec l'arrivée de la vidéo, inventer de nouvelles techniques de montage plus simples et plus rapides, miniaturiser tous ces équipements pour parvenir aux caméscopes que nous connaissons actuellement.

18 juin 2011

Roundtable 2 (PNC)

Project:New Cinephilia/ Roundtable 2
Michael Koresky, Kent Jones, Melissa Anderson, Daniel Cockburn, Genevieve Yue

This time they try to have somewhat of a conversation, although awkward and almost reluctantly. The comments on the Mubi forum engaged with the problematics in a more convincing manner... and the official participants of the roundtable didn't pay a single visit to reply to the questions or clarify certain points, staying in their ivory tower, where they get to publish a unilateral formal speech and don't have to mingle with the fray of the interwebs... Sad. They're talking about a "new" cinephilia of the web 2.0, of the interconnected communities and snub them. they talk about connecting with the viewer's response and are unable to listen to their own readers.


1. Owning the movies (06/06/2011) Michael Koresky

  • "the four of you who have agreed to participate in this roundtable discussion represent the types of people—thinkers— that keep this form we love relevant." No matter what our detractors will say we ARE relevant. End of the conversation. Wish-fulfilling assertion, appeal to authority, to condition readers before a single evidence has been brought forth. That's not a very objective, humble or open-minded foreword.
  • "the idea of a single influential critic makes his [Andrew Sarris] recollections seem like transmissions from a lost continent, no?" You forget about Pauline Kael then as a "second influantial critic", and Roger Ebert now as a "single influential critic".
  • "we’re still in awe of the genius of the Hollywood system even as we position ourselves against it" Speak for yourself. I'm not. The Hollywood system is pavlovian marketing applied to mass consumersim, what's so mysterious about it?
  • good point about the "unifying Bordwellian definition of what constitutes an “art film” (gleaned from Antonioni/Godard/Fellini and carried through to Denis/Hou/Kiarostami)" see: Reality and Representation (Bordwell) 
  • "So if we’re thinking about movies generally the same way—as entities that either a) fit into preconceived notions, or b) bust them open" You use a dichotomy splitting art into an either/or compartimentalisation that complete eachother perfectly, without left-overs, how could it be otherwise? Yes a "preconceived idea" could either be applied as is, or re-evaluated. What does it tell us about mentality changes? This will always be true. If you suggest a change of discourse, maybe you need a model that leaves room for evolution. The proportions of (a) and (b) could change for example, but that's not even the point you are insisting on.
  • "the question of audience is ever more complicated for all of us who aren’t just in love with film but are trying to communicate something about it." Good.
  • not surprisingly, they still believe that by talking about American-only history they are defining the global village of what is actually the "New cinephilia"... is it all they know? or are they intentionally ignoring the rest of the planet that shapes up cinephilia more than they ever did?



2. Beyond the romance of cinema (06/06/2011) Kent Jones

  • "Chris Fujiwara makes an interesting assertion" LOL funniest thing I've heard so far. See: Mandarins vs Philistines 2 
  • "the days of the gentleman film critic, the man or woman of letters or politics who is intrigued by the notion of movies and amused by how seriously people take them, are long over." Again, you're talking about the USA... Have you heard of Žižek, Badiou, Rancière, Jean-Luc Nancy, BHL... ?
  • "David Edelstein, Jonathan Rosenbaum, Jeff Wells, Joshua Rothkopf and Janet Bergstrom" again 100% American-centric references. At least further down he namedrops "Bazin, Kracauer, Adorno" from a distant past (while he claims New cinephilia should move away from that very distant past).
  • "in the shadow of the holocaust, a movie could be either morally engaged or not, no middle ground." the moral imperative was a concern for film writers in particular (critics), not necessarily for film goers in general (cinephiles).
  • "The obsessives who filed in and out of movie theaters like penitents on holy days of obligation may have looked pale, been socially maladroit and disrupted the smooth flow of social intercourse" The haydays of French cinephilia in the 50-60ies, it was a mainstream phenomenon, a social activity across all demographics, not the asocial nerd attitude you describe (which is a more recent development).
  • "mixture of romanticism, essentialism, and a dogmatism so harsh and punitive" where did you read that??? I know that anything that isn't hyperbolic adoration sounds esoteric to Americans, but come on, no need to overdramatise history for your readers, you're not in Film Comment here, you can speak freely.
  • "a valiant defense of cinema against any and every sign of cultural derision or condescension" I wish. See Dan Kois syndrome (Proud Boredom). 
  • "I think that cinephilia is stuck in the 50s" You think? How many "new cinephiles" know about the  50ies? It's not 1950s cinephilia that we see on DVD forums, on Facebook or Twitter... Even David Bordwell forgets who Bazin was at times!
  • "New “masters” and “masterpieces” are found by the hour, films are declared “hateful” or “immoral” or “loathsome” at the drop of a hat, moral condemnations of filmmakers convicted of insufficient love for their characters is rampant, and the cheapest rhetorical ploy imaginable, accusing the people who like something that you don’t like or who love something that you hate of being deluded or morally compromised, is enacted with impunity." Ditto. Keep repeating that until your "new cinephiles" get it and move on to more constructive grounds. Then we'll talk about cinephilia.
  • "preferences for this or that film or filmmaker are routinely declared with all the pomp and circumstance of an explorer planting a flag on virgin territory – and needless to say, nothing can be celebrated without a countervailing condemnation of its supposedly opposite number, and visa versa." very good!
  • "Only in film culture is the act of list-making freighted with such urgency." Go tell that to Film Comment! Where do you work again?
  • "the troubling tendency in cinephilia to see cinema itself as the ultimate fulfillment of cinema" You started right and your conclusion takes the opposite side... Returning film writing to the art of cinema itself (film language, aesthetic, direction, style, film history, film poetry, images, soundscape...) is the goal to reach. Reviewers looking beyond the parameters of the film form (politics, psychology, interpretations, summary judgements, plotpoints, inconsistencies, goofs, star system...) is what bad critics abuse instead of talking about FILM CRITICISM. Transcending a given film with real world political interpretation, sounds positive, for the zeitgeist chattering at dinners, but not for film culture itself.
  • "filmmaking and its critical appreciation [..] they’re like two different planets." in the USA, not in France. If you felt the "whole wide world around it as well", you'd know it.



3. Tastemakers or taste-testers? (07/06/2011) by Michael Koresky

  • interesting attempt at turning a series of juxtaposed magisterial unilateral articles in somewhat of a conversation. Was it inserted after all the pieces were already written though?



4. On advocacy and anticipation (07/06/2011) Melissa Anderson

  • well the film lover ALSO consumes movies for a living, the operative distinction is the words "voraciously and indiscriminately". If we're talking about movie goers (customers), then it's their prerogative to deal with their passion however they want. And contrary to food, abuse doesn't make you obese and give you heart diseases. So it's all fine, they CAN be impartial, immoderate, unfair, excessive, obsessive, hyperbolic, fetishist, demanding, carefree, irresponsible. Now if we talk about another category, film writers, then their relation to glutony is a bit different, they have a certain responsibility, and even a certain deontology if they are actual journalists. That's why talking about cinephilia in general and then suddenly making a point about critic's ethics is disingenuous.
  • The food metaphor is OK for fans, even though it's slightly condescending. But serious academic studies (or serious criticism) are possible without comparing the acquisition of knowledge (like a literary academic would read classics) to gluttony, bingeing and hunger. If you care about words and ideas you should appreciate the hyperbolic prejudice you install here for cinema that doesn't exist for other arts.
  • "I can’t stomach it" With so many critics on this panel (like the editors of the NYT) against the degradation of film discourse, I wonder why they only speak up today, and why bad reviewers can still have a job and support around them... Something doesn't click there. When they talk about criticism, they all say the right things we want to hear. When they review movies, they go back to their indulgent routine... as if they didnt listen to their own advice.
  • Taste-making doesn't mean actual influence on the mainstream B.O. or the "fashionable zeitgeist"... of course film writing is marginal compared to the MOVIE INDUSTRY. What taste-making means is to act as an all-knowing oracle making and breaking fads within the tiny milieu of the film criticism readership. And that's how most film writers with an institutional soapbox pose, talking as if what they said (the expression of their taste) determined what was in and what was out (like seasoned masters, debuting directors, festivals, books, countries, year's or decade's legacies...)
  • "fervent advocate", "hectoring readers"... Two things that we see a lot in film reviewers that have more to do with proselytism and promotional marketing (pushing to consumption in the case of positive reviews). This is the modus operandi of prescriptive reviewing (maintained by newspapers who need sponsors and exclusive interviews). These are bad examples of "criticism". Remember what Kent Jones said about writing without the pressure of evaluation? A GREAT film shouldn't need coersitive persuasion and directive orders to attract an audience. Let the readers decide for themselves, leave the free will to the audience.
  • You're not talking about serious film criticism, you're talking about being a passionate sign post in paper film pages. The old paradigm of film reviewers. Recommanding "good films" or "older films" doesn't change the short term framework within which you operate. Obviously it's a little better than advertising blockbusters, but film discourse goes higher than a mere economic boost for films we love.



5. What is the birdie? (07/06/2011) Daniel Cockburn

  • "an impetus at the heart of more considered criticism: the urge to classify and collect, freeze-dry the living object so it can be “understood and known” before moving on to the next one." Is this really what defines "criticism" or is it fetishm and taxonomy?
  • "how does this film actually have an effect – on viewers one at a time, or on the world at large" Viewer's response theory (Grand Theory), is no closer to cinema studies than gender studies or political studies.
  • "there is no reason for the territorial battles" Dude, have you read Painting theory, Musical theory, Literature theory, Poetry theory, Theatre theory, Architecture theory, Sculpture theory... there are ALWAYS territorial interpretations and controversies! It's not what invalidates the field altogether.
  • "critics would do well to write criticism that (in an ideal world) would provoke filmmakers to respond and engage." See the discussion about this misconception in the Mubi forum 



6. Cinephilia, love and being caught off-guard (08/06/2011) Genevieve Yue

  • What a lot of words for having nothing to talk about... Lots of reminders, little insight.
  • "Why does my training as a scholar, a teacher, and a critic steer me toward critical reserve?" You ask yourself why romanticism and devotion applies to "cinephilia" but not to research, teaching and criticism? Well that's because we use different names to distinguish different sujective/objective, emotional/intellectual activities, or else everything would be called "love".
  • "the best criticism and academic writing happens when we’re caught off-guard, pushed beyond the comforting edifices of taste or aesthetic judgment" That's a very exclusive claim to make. Again this fantasy of the primacy, equating suprise and novelty to absolute greatness. It's not always the discoverers who are the best at the application of a particular discovery.
  • "What amazing things can happen when you don’t know what to do with a film, much less how to talk about it." Is this the apologia of neophytes?



7. Cinema is what we make of it (09/06/2011) Michael Koresky:

  • "Hasn’t cinema always just been what we make of it?" Define "cinema" and "we". You're talking from the perspective of a consumer (availability makes right). That's not quite a reflection on the ontology of the medium dude! Cinema is not contingent to what people who watch it, here and now, wish it to be... Audience response has been wrong many times in history, and relying on THAT is absurd. Think bigger! Be more ambitious for cinema than the idiosyncratic desiderata of a given era and culture.
  • "Maybe we all need to get back to that place where we first felt that rush of cinephilia, before we even knew what that word meant." So you know what it means now?
  • "the stark divisions between academia and the critical community [..] is this a condition of the new cinephilia?" I don't think that, in general, today's cinephiles are more theory literate than in the 50ies! In fact the social media phenomenon is more the kingdom of proud amateur subjectivity, like : "critics are overanalysing, i'm writing with my emotions!"



8. Re-making criticism (09/06/2011) Kent Jones:

  • "the very idea of David Cronenberg being “influenced” by M. Night Shyamalan is ridiculous" In this case, it might be true, but the framing of the statement is wrong. Auteurs don't like to be compared, even if the inspiration was voluntary on their part. What a filmmaker thinks of another filmmaker, or of a potential comparison a critic could bring up, doesn't redefine how criticism works. Bergman hated Antonioni too... is it relevant to us? An artist has the prerogative of territoriality, even if it is unfair or blatantly false. Critics have the duty to challenge this subjective self-definition artist would like us to perceive.
  • "Cinephile-based criticism treats pretty much everyone like an auteur, and this reverts back to a fundamental flaw in auteurism." You equate cinephilia with auteurism, as if it was impossible to be cinephile without abiding to La Politique des Auteurs. These overlap but the former is not the consumerist side of critical auteurism.
  • "these limitations and restrictions and demands are all but ignored by cinephiles intent on seeing every director as if he or she were a Monet or a Stravinsky." limitations and constraints are not what disputes the statute of auteur!
  • "there can’t be such a thing as non-cinephile criticism" that's the rosy view of cinephilia from an American perspective. French critics are a lot more distant from this crave for the label "cinéphile". See Emmanuel Burdeau (ex-Cahiers editor) on not being cinéphile.



9. When a film calls (12/06/2011) Melissa Anderson

  • Me Me Me. My experience, my job, my movies. That's what film criticism is to her. No broader prospects, no overarching insights. She equates the practice of film criticism to the very controversial job of a weekly reviewer. (see Reality Check: Films Critics are NOT the film press) 



10. The well-tempered critic (13/06/2011) Daniel Cockburn

  • "Some of the most exciting film writing I have read is that which talks about actors (stars or not) and performance in a genuine attempt to articulate what these performances are, and what they do to us." Actorism not Auteurism. By the way, disecting techniques and performances are integer part of "mise en scène", which is the core of Auteurism!
  • "But I doubt I’ll ever feel like rapidity has anything lasting to give us that would counterbalance what we’d lose if we lost slowness." are you saying this at an event that runs a Twitterthon???
  • "taking the film as writ, as some unchangeable essence, and this is childish." So to you, to contrary to childish is for spectators to dream up their own story and write about that instead of the filmmaker's work? lol Anybody can imagine stuff from whichever stimulus. The hard part in criticism is to approach the actual meaning of an artwork. Imagination is a convenient cop out for writers without critical skills.
  • "if you don’t imagine alternate versions of a film you’ve seen, you can’t evaluate it or even really form an opinion of it, beyond liking it or not the same way you like or don’t like mashed potatoes." what you're talking about (and I'm not surprised it comes from an artist) is how you, the artist, wish the work to be appropriated and engaged with at the "reader's response" level (which is legit for the spectator, not for the critic). But film criticism goes beyond a mere spectatorship response!
  • Watch La Dolce Vita and imagine during the whole film that you're banging either Anita Eckberg or Marcello Mastroiani... yeah that really helps to expand film culture! NOT.
  • “just temperament” and “equal temperament” see Mubi forum replies 



11. Narrowing the gap (14/06/2011) Genevieve Yue

  • "I’ve actually found considerable support in stepping outside the ivory tower to write criticism and to program films" You think that publishing unilateral criticism and deciding the screenings viewers will get to see is much different from the academic ivory tower??? You've got an odd idea of democracy and participative communities.
  • "aesthetic evaluation (thumbs, stars, clipart in general)" do you really think rating scales ARE aesthetic evaluation???
  • "J. Hoberman picked up on Arnheim’s argument in 1998, sharply interrogating the critic’s role in the publicity machine of the film industry." When will this affect the work ethic of American reviewers working today???
  • "cinema is an activity; its meaning is made by many hands, auteur and otherwise, and it includes our own when we settle down in a theater or work through our Netflix Instant Queues on our laptops." Wrong, on so many levels... Again you're talking about consumption of cultural good which is the prerogative of the regular audience, not about the responsibility of CRITICISM, which cannot indulge such narcissist leasure.
  • "To try, as the French essai translates into English" To try is the (infinitive) verb (essayer), essai is the noun (try).




Related:

La bétise et le philosophe

"Tous, même le dernier des misérables a fait cette expérience. Même le dernier des crétins est passé à côté de quelque chose... où il s'est dit 'mais est-ce que je n'aurai pas passé toute ma vie à me tromper?'."
Gilles Deleuze, cours à la Sorbonne
* * * 

"Le philosophe qui, comme Deleuze, parle de la bétise est toujours un peu suspect de s'exclure du discours qu'il tient. Pour qui se prend-il? pense-t-on. Comme si parlant des imbéciles, on ne parlait pour une fois pas de soi. comme si la bétise faisait exception à la rêgle selon laquelle quoiqu'on dise on ne parle jamais que de soi. Comment la bétise ferait exception à la rêgle où elle trouve justement sa source?
La bétise, c'est la partie de nous-même qui, regardant l'autre comme un mirroir, concave ou convexe, traverse le monde en y cherchant son pareil, son alter-égo, son ombre ou son reflet. La bétise réduit le monde au "Moi", l'autre au même, la différence à l'identité. Telle la pensée unique elle choisit de reconnaitre plutôt que de rencontrer. Elle est le contraire de l'exception, l'amie de l'ordinaire, l'antithèse du singulier. Comme dit Desproges :"L'ennemi est con, il croit que c'est nous l'ennemi, alors qu'en fait c'est lui". La bétise vous noie dans un groupe où plus rien ne vous distingue et c'est le courant qui vous porte. Elle surfe sur la vague et se répend sur les ondes. Elle est affable, accueillante, hospitalière. A la bétise, tout le monde se retrouve, c'est le lieu commun. Et c'est un lieu commun de le dire, de fait personne n'y échappe...
Pour nuir à la bétise, ce qui chez Nietszche est synonyme de philosopher, il faut donc l'admettre en soi-même. De même que pour ne pas se mentir, il faut renoncer à l'ambition grossière de dire la vérité. La bétise n'est pas une affaire d'opinion, c'est une affaire de certitude ou de servitude. C'est l'allégeance faite à la vérité comme au bien. C'est vrai parce que je l'ai vu, dit la bétise. C'est vrai parce qu'on me l'a dit. Voire, c'est vrai parce que tout le monde le dit. De l'expérience singulière à l'opinion la plus commune, la vérité, ou ce qu'on croit tel, est un allibi pour conjurer le hasard, bannir l'altérité, cesser de penser. Mais si le contraire de l'ignorance ce n'est pas la vérité, mais sa mise en doute, alors le contraire de la bétise n'est pas l'intelligence mais l'humilité. A l'image de Montaigne, l'homme le plus cultivé de son temps, qui doute sans cesse de son savoir, ou de Raymond Aaron, trop exigent pour ne pas désirer la vérité, mais trop modeste pour croire un jour qu'il la détient et que le monde s'y réduit. L'entendement n'aime pas ce qui change. La raison n'a pas toujours la souplesse de ce qui évolue. La vie est une étoffe que la raison découpe en voulant l'attraper, et c'est là que la bétise apparait, comme la volonté d'interrompre le cours du temps, pour le soumettre à des vérités éternelles qui dispenseraient du doute une fois pour toute. Né de l'écrat entre la pensée et le mouvant, la bétise tue la nouveauté aussi surement que la routine tue l'amour. Comme une intelligence déçue qui faute de comprendre le monde en sa profondeur, choisit de l'expliquer in extinso, la bétise est le bacille humaine qui fige le mouvement, transforme l'idée neuve en idée reçue, l'aphorisme en proverbe, ou l'esprit critique en bon sentiment. La bêtise, c’est la ciguë de Socrate, le philtre empoisonné que les humains s’administrent à chaque fois qu’ils communient dans l’amour ou dans la haine, et qu’ils veulent changer le monde plutôt que leurs désirs. On la reconnaît chez les donneurs de leçons dont la conduite contredit les paroles, chez les imprécateurs athées qui croient que Dieu c’est le Diable, ou encore chez les hédonistes fervents qui jouissent non pas pour être heureux, mais plutôt pour oublier qu’ils ne le sont pas… Mais on la reconnaît aussi chez ceux qui croient la reconnaître et la diagnostique en se donnant le beau rôle, à la façon dont l’hypocondriaque fait graver sur sa tombe « je vous l’avais bien dit. »
La bêtise a toujours raison. La bêtise a toujours le dernier mot."
Deleuze contre la bétise, Raphaël Enthoven (in Macadam Philo; France Culture, 18 mars 2005)
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"Les professeurs savent bien qu'il est rare de rencontrer dans les devoirs, sauf dans les exercices où il faut traduire proposition par proposition, ou bien produire un résultat fixe, des erreurs ou quelque chose de faux, mais des non-sens, des remarques sans intérêt ni importance, des banalités prises pour remarquables, des confusions de points ordinaires avec des points singuliers, des problèmes mal posés ou détournés de leur sens. Tel est le pire et le plus fréquent pourtant gros de menace, notre sort à tous."
Gilles Deleuze, Différence et répétition, 1968

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La bétise n'épargne personne. De la même façon que l'on n'échappe pas selon Sartre à la tentation d'aliéner sa propre liberté et de se prendre  pour une chose. D'ailleurs, Sartre lui-même jouait à l'intellectuel comme d'autres après lui jouèrent à être Jean-Paul Sartre.
Le savoir n’a jamais soulagé la vanité, et tout homme, si vigilant soit-il, finit toujours par prendre la pose et s’endormir sur l’oreiller de ses lauriers. La bêtise n’est donc pas une affaire de contenu, c’est une affaire de forme. Elle tient moins à ce qu’on dit, qu’à l’importance qu’on lui donne. En ce sens, personne n’est plus bête que celui qui ignore qu'il l'est. La bêtise, ce n’est pas Forrest Gump, conscient de son handicap, mais plutôt les sarcasmes de ses camarades de classe, ravis de leur cruauté.
« C’est la raison, dit Rousseau, qui replie l’homme sur lui-même ; c’est par elle qu’il dit en secret, à l’aspect d’un homme souffrant, péris si tu veux, je suis en sûreté. »
La bêtise n’est pas l’adversaire de l’intelligence, mais plutôt de l’intranquillité. La bêtise, c’est l’antalgique auquel on doit de ne pas souffrir des souffrances d’autrui. La bêtise ne pense pas, mais elle est indispensable. De la même façon que les hommes sans courage renoncent à toute individualité pour se cacher dans la foule et crier avec elle, la bêtise donne un peu le sentiment de la sécurité. Elle fait comme s’il suffisait d’avoir un toit pour être à l’abri, ou d’habiter dans une tour d’ivoire pour ne jamais mourir. Sous l’effet de la bêtise, le monde ramolli, l’intersubjectif devient l’interchangeable, l’intime devient l’impudique, l’insoumission devient l’institution. La bêtise s’impose quand la discussion capitule devant l’argument d’autorité, ou quand, à force de parler à tout le monde, celui qui parle n’a soudain plus rien à dire : la bêtise, c’est la « positive attitude ».
Deleuze contre la bétise, Raphaël Enthoven (in Macadam Philo; France Culture, 18 mars 2005)
rediffusion: Les nouveaux chemins de la connaissance, Mille Deleuze: la bétise; France Culture, 16 juin 2011 [MP3] 59'


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